Here we present two articles: one is an easy-to-understand article from Colombia University; the other is from Pubmed.
The research from these two articles shows that decades of pollution harm the immune system, so a person has a weak immune system when he becomes old.  However, living next to a highway would produce a lot more pollution; we might expect that the decrease in immune function would happen much more quickly; therefore, a person could become immunodeficient at a younger age.

The easy-to-understand article:
https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/decades-air-pollution-undermine-immune-system#:~:text=The%20study%20found%20that%20inhaled,ability%20to%20fight%20respiratory%20infections.
The article on Pubmed:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36411343/

Older people are particularly susceptible to infectious and neoplastic diseases of the lung and it is unclear how lifelong exposure to environmental pollutants affects respiratory immune function. In an analysis of human lymph nodes (LNs) from 84 organ donors aged 11-93 years, we found a specific age-related decline in lung-associated, but not gut-associated, LN immune function linked to the accumulation of inhaled atmospheric particulate matter. Increasing densities of particulates were found in lung-associated LNs with age, but not in the corresponding gut-associated LNs. Particulates were specifically contained within CD68+CD169- macrophages, which exhibited decreased activation, phagocytic capacity, and altered cytokine production compared with non-particulate-containing macrophages. The structures of B cell follicles and lymphatic drainage were also disrupted in lung-associated LNs with particulates. Our results reveal that the cumulative effects of environmental exposure and age may compromise immune surveillance of the lung via direct effects on immune cell function and lymphoid architecture.